Tannins are one of the most discussed and appreciated components in the world of wine. They are natural compounds that influence the body, texture and aging capacity of wines, especially red wines.
What exactly are tannins and why do they play such an important role in wine making and enjoyment? In this blog, we will explore their origin, function and how they affect the wine drinking experience.
What are tannins?
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds found naturally in grapes. They are found mainly in the skins, seeds and skins, and are transferred to the wine during maceration and fermentation.
They are responsible for the sensation of astringency or dryness in the mouth when we drink certain wines, especially red wines.
The role of tannins in wine:
1 – Structure and body.
Tannins give structure to the wine, which means they help give it body and texture in the mouth. A wine with good tannins feels fuller and denser. The quantity and quality of tannins can vary according to grape variety, winemaking method and aging.
2 – Astringency and balance.
Tannins provide that sensation of dryness that balances the acidity and sweetness of the wine. In a young wine, tannins can be more pronounced, while in an aged wine, they tend to soften and become silkier, enhancing the complexity of the wine.
3 – Longevity and aging.
Tannins act as natural antioxidants, protecting wine from oxidation and helping it age well. Wines with high levels of tannins can improve over time, developing more complex and deeper flavors as they age.
Where do tannins come from?
There are two main sources of tannins in wine: –
- Grape tannins: these come from the solid parts of the grape (skins, seeds and skins). Wines made from grapes that have spent more time in contact with these fragments during fermentation tend to have more tannins.
- Oak tannins: wines aged in oak barrels also acquire tannins from the oak itself, which can provide additional characteristics such as vanilla, spice and greater complexity.
How do tannins influence the perception of wine?
The impact of tannins in wine depends largely on their quantity and quality.
In young, powerful wines, tannins can be more aggressive and astringent, while in wines that have spent years aging in bottle, tannins tend to soften and provide a silkier texture.
Balanced tannins add depth and complexity, making the wine more palatable and versatile when paired with food.
Ultimately, tannins are an essential part of wine, offering structure, longevity and complexity. Whether you prefer wines that are young and robust or aged and refined, tannins play a crucial role in how we experience and enjoy each glass.
The next time you taste a wine, pay attention to that dry, astringent sensation on the palate; it is the work of the tannins, making the wine a fascinating and complex beverage.